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Communities in CARI Repository

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Animal Health Journal
The Animal Health Journal is an online journal that publishes high-quality research on animal health topics. It covers veterinary medicine, animal nutrition, animal welfare, and more. The journal has a fast and rigorous peer-review and publication process. The authors can freely share their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution License. The journal is indexed in many databases and has a high impact factor. The journal invites submissions from all over the world and supports interdisciplinary and collaborative research.
European Journal of Information and Knowledge Management
The EJIKM is an open access journal that publishes research on information and knowledge management. It is hosted by CARI Journals and has an ISSN and a DOI. It accepts submissions from various fields and topics related to information and knowledge management. It follows a peer-review process and ethical standards. The authors keep the copyrights and get a non-exclusive license to publish online. The journal is indexed in many databases and publishes monthly. The authors get certificates, links, PDFs and can order hardcopies.
European Journal of Linguistics
The European Journal of Linguistics (EJL) is an open access journal that publishes original research on linguistics. It is hosted by CARI Journals, a global platform for academic research. The journal has an online ISSN, a DOI, and is indexed in several databases. Authors who publish in EJL can benefit from the high visibility, promotion, and copyright retention of their articles. They can also order a hardcopy print of the issue on demand. EJL is a great opportunity for researchers and scholars who want to advance linguistic knowledge and practice.
Human Resource and Leadership Journal
HRLJ is a scholarly journal that publishes research on human resource and leadership topics. The journal is peer-reviewed, open access, and global. The journal is indexed in many databases and has a DOI number for each article. The authors can benefit from publishing in HRLJ by reaching a wide audience, building their reputation, and networking with other experts. The journal publishes monthly and offers certificates and hardcopies for the authors.
International Journal of Arts, Recreation and Sports
The International Journal of Arts, Recreation and Sports is an open access journal that publishes research on various topics related to arts, recreation and sports. It aims to provide a platform for scholars, practitioners, and policy makers from different disciplines and cultures. The journal is indexed in several databases and offers many benefits for the authors, such as fast and rigorous peer-review, global dissemination, high-quality editorial service, low publication fee, and copyright retention. The journal publishes monthly and accepts submissions throughout the year.

Recent Submissions

Examining How Art Reflects and Challenges Political Ideologies and Power Structures in Lebanon
(CARI Journals, 2023-07-03) Issoui, Lamitta
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon. Preliminary empirical review revealed the impact of politically charged artworks on public attitudes and political participation is enormous. The researchers conducted a survey with a diverse sample of participants who viewed politically themed artworks and measured their attitudes and behavioral intentions. The study found that exposure to politically charged artworks led to more critical attitudes towards existing political ideologies and increased participants' willingness to engage in political activities. Recommendations: The Cultural Hegemony, Critical Theory and Visual Culture Theory may be used to anchor future studies on how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon. Governments, institutions, and societies should actively encourage artistic freedom and support a diverse range of artistic expressions. This will ensure that different political ideologies and perspectives are represented in the artistic landscape, fostering a more inclusive and nuanced discourse. Additionally, public institutions, galleries, and museums should strive to create accessible and engaging experiences for the public to interact with political art. This can include exhibitions, workshops, and public discussions that stimulate dialogue and promote critical thinking about the relationships between art, politics, and power.
Climate Diplomacy and Geopolitics: Exploring the Role of Climate Policy in International Relations
(CARI Journals, 2023-12-02) Munge Kenneth
Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore the role of climate policy in international relations. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to climate policy and geopolitics. Preliminary empirical review revealed that climate diplomacy and geopolitics are inextricably linked in the 21st century, with climate policy playing a central role in shaping international relations. The urgency of addressing climate change has forced nations to collaborate and confront shared challenges, while also introducing new dimensions of competition and complexity. Non-state actors, climate justice considerations, and the evolving global energy landscape all contribute to the intricate tapestry of climate diplomacy. The future of international relations will depend, to a large extent, on how effectively nations navigate these challenges and seize the opportunities presented by climate action to build a more sustainable and equitable world. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Realism theory, Complex Interdependence theory and the Regime theory may be used to anchor future studies on climate policy. The study recommended promotion of multilateralism, incorporation of climate into foreign policy, supporting vulnerable nations, engagement of non-state actors and incorporation of climate security.
Showcasing Case Studies of Artists and Artistic Movements That Have Sparked Transformative Social Movements in South Korea
(CARI Journals, 2023-07-03) Taehyung, Kim
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the showcasing case studies of artists and artistic movements that have sparked transformative social movements in South Korea. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the artists and artistic movements that have sparked transformative social movements in South Korea. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the there is a high potential of art therapy in addressing mental health challenges. It was a longitudinal study with participants in art therapy programs, pre- and post-program assessments, and qualitative interviews. Art therapy promotes self-expression, emotional healing, and personal transformation among participants. Recommendations: The Social Movement Theory, Cultural Sociology and Visual Sociology may be used to anchor future studies on the artists and artistic movements that have sparked transformative social movements in south Korea. The South Korean government should support and promote artists from diverse backgrounds and give them platforms to showcase their work. Integrating arts education in schools and communities allows individuals to develop critical thinking skills, empathy, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Temperature, Relative Humidity and Rainfall in Different Altitudes of Lower Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
(CARI Journals, 2022-10-08) Samwel Odhiambo Olela; George L. Makokha; Kennedy Obiero
Purpose: Global Climate Variability and Change are among environmental challenges with adverse consequences in the world. Their impacts include heightened temperatures, heightened or lowered rainfall and Relative Humidity. Those impacts depend on a place or how sensitive the people are. Examples of variations at the global scale which do influence local climate elements include: North Atlantic Oscillation (NOA), El NiÃ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Madden-Julian Oscillation. Lower Lake Victoria Basin (LLVB), Kenya was suspected to experience such variations differently due to varied altitudes. This study sought to investigate variability of selected climate elements in different altitudes of the LLVB, Kenya. Methodology: Meteorological data were obtained per county i.e. Migori - South Nyanza (SONY) Central Meteorological Station, Kisumu - Kisumu Airport Meteorological Station and Kakamega -Mumias Sugar Company (MSC) Meteorological Station. Data for the three selected climate parameters were collected for twenty years except Relative Humidity from Kisumu Airport which was available for only 12 years (2009-2020). ANOVA, Shapiro Wilk W test, Tukeys Honest Significance Difference (HSD) test, Time Series and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used for analysis. Findings: The findings showed that the elements significantly varied: Temperature F = 120.87, P = 0.0001; rainfall (F = 24.56, P = 0.000 and Relative Humidity (RH) F = 30.37, P = 0.0001. Temperature means correlated with altitudes revealed a negative correlation (r = - 0.896). Extreme events were observed in rainfall. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: Extreme events of rainfall, increasing trends of selected climate parameters were observed in the study area. These were evidence that climate change has already become an aspect of concern in the study area. Impacts of such extreme events should be investigated to help construct mitigative and adaptive strategies which should be implemented early enough to prevent unwanted outcomes, otherwise similar investigations should be conducted to establish situations elsewhere at different altitudes.
Trend Analysis for Temperature and Precipitation Extreme Events over the Headwater of Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
(2023-10-24) Tesfay Mekonnen Weldegerima; null Belay Simane; null Tadesse terefe
Purpose: Increased trends in extreme climate events such as prolonged hot or cold days and intensively rainy days or consecutive dry days have greater negative impacts on society. While studies are conducted on climate variability and impacts most of them focus on the mean climatologies. Extrem events of Tempertaure and preciptation however have profound effect on human health and the environment. The present study aims to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of means and extremes of temperature and precipitation events in the Tana-Beles Sub-basin for the 1980-2015 periods. Methodology: Daily temperature and preciptaion time series was collected from the Ethiopian meteorological institute covering the 1980-2015. From the daily climate variables 22 daily extreme climate indices are calculated based on the Expert Team on Sector-specific Climate Indices (ET-SCI) definitions. Findings: The Monthly, seasonal and annual temperatures show mostly increasing trends. The mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures increased slightly, respectively, by 0.047 and 0.014 oC/yr. The frequency of cold days/nights has reduced by 33/38 days/nights annually; whereas, the frequency of warm days/nights has increased by 91/83 days/nights. The mean monthly, seasonal and annual precipitations also show mostly increasing trends.Among the selected precipitation indices the number of very heavy rain days (R20mm), Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII), very wet days exceeding the 95th percentile (R95p), and annual total wet days precipitation (RCPTOT) shows increasing trend; whereas, only the maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day), show an insignificant decreasing trend. Precipitation during the study period shows high variability spatially and temporally. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study reveals increasing in number of hot days and vraible prciptation events, hence measures must be taken to reduce risks of extreme tempertures such as direct effect and indirect malaria distributions to new areas that have been cold before, and agricultural advised forming is also suggested to cope with the variabilities of prciptation.
Effects of Insecurity on the Sustainability of Small Businesses in Webuye Township, Bungoma County, Kenya
(CARI Journals, 2025-09-23) Kisilu, Robinson; Kimaru, Serah
Purpose: Small businesses are crucial engines of local economic development, yet their sustainability remains vulnerable to various security threats. This study investigated the effects of insecurity on the sustainability of small businesses in Webuye Township, Bungoma County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined the security challenges affecting these enterprises and assessed their impact on operational sustainability. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods cross-sectional design and targeted 3,000 registered small businesses. A sample of 375 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results showed that 83% of respondents reported a rise in criminal incidents over the past three years, with 75% experiencing theft or vandalism. Business owners highlighted insecurity as a major operational burden: 84% reported increased operating costs due to security measures, and 76% acknowledged reduced ability to reinvest. Approximately 72% supported collaboration with law enforcement, although only 28% found current police response mechanisms effective. Additionally, 80% cited direct financial losses, and 70% reported shortening operating hours due to fear of crime. Operational disruptions included difficulties in staff retention (63%) and temporary closures (60%). Customer confidence was also affected, with 67% of respondents noting customer avoidance due to perceived insecurity. The study concluded that insecurity substantially undermined small business sustainability. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Recommendations included enhanced community policing, subsidized surveillance, and targeted digital literacy programs to strengthen resilience.
Gender Roles Stir the Recipe: How Learning Orientation Fuels Innovativeness in Tanzania’s Food-Processing Firms
(CARI Journals, 2025-09-22) Kisamo, Ansila; Kayunze, Kim; Tumaini, Allan
Purpose: Food processing firms are of great benefit. Despite their importance in the economy, they have not grown enough to ensure survival and growth, which demand them to be innovative. Thus, this paper analyses the relationship between learning orientation (LO) and innovativeness in food processing firms taking into account the moderation effect of gender roles in Tanzania. Specifically, the relationship between LO and innovativeness was determined, and the moderation effect of gender roles on the LO-innovativeness relationship was tested. Methodology: The study employed 224 owner-managers of food processing firms. A questionnaire with Likert scale type items was used to gather data. Analysis was done by Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The findings revealed that Commitment to Learn (β = 0.247, p < 0.001), Open Mindedness (β = 0.275, p < 0.001), Shared Vision (β = 0.216, p < 0.001), and Gender Roles (β = 0.276, p < 0.001) significantly enhanced innovativeness in food processing. The was no moderation effect of gender roles on the relationship between learning orientation and innovativeness. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study supports the Organisational Learning Theory by demonstrating that a firm which focus on continuous learning and unlearning is in a better position of being innovative and being a market leader as learning orientation is a resource that is not easily imitative. Gender roles showed no moderating effect implying that when owners/managers have multiple gender roles that are pulling them away from the business, draws back their innovative capability. Thus, societies should advocate against all kinds of gender related drawbacks that unlevel the ground of innovation. Policy makers to formulate and implement a policy which would support food processing firms to learn from various external and internal stakeholders.
Strategic Responsiveness and Service Delivery: A Critical Review of Literature
(CARI Journals, 2025-07-25) Ngugi, Grace; Kinyua, Godfrey
Purpose: The main objective of the study was to review conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between strategic responsiveness and service delivery with the view of highlighting the knowledge gaps suitable to form basis for future research work. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on both theoretical and empirical studies on strategic responsiveness and service delivery. The study synthesizes findings from past research, emphasizing the gaps in existing literature and the need for integrated approaches. Theoretical models such as the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Service Quality Gap Model are applied to understand how strategic responsiveness impacts service delivery in diverse organizational contexts. Findings: The study identified a direct relationship between strategic responsiveness and service delivery, where organizations that effectively respond to market changes can enhance service quality, customer satisfaction, and organizational resilience. The key dimensions of strategic responsiveness were found to influence service delivery outcomes such as customer satisfaction, first call resolution, and service cost efficiency. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of aligning organizational strategies with stakeholder expectations and leveraging technology to streamline service processes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This research contributes to the theory by extending the understanding of strategic responsiveness beyond traditional operational agility to include the technological, human resource, and market perspectives. Practically, it provides organizations with actionable insights on how to integrate strategic responsiveness into service delivery models to enhance customer experiences and reduce operational inefficiencies. Policy implications include encouraging businesses to adopt a holistic approach to strategy formulation that considers dynamic market factors and service quality standards, ensuring that organizations remain competitive and resilient in a rapidly evolving global environment.
Redefining Masculinity in Africa: The Case of Boys and Men with Disabilities in Zimbabwe
(CARI Journals, 2025-07-17) Maruzani, Bhasera; Maruzani, Nyevero
Purpose: The transition from boyhood to manhood in Africa is influenced by the complex interplay of gender, culture, and disability. Boys with disabilities often encounter social exclusion, which hinders their ability to align with traditional masculine ideals associated with strength and self-reliance. This marginalisation diminishes their educational, economic, and social prospects, trapping them in cycles of poverty and dependence. This study investigated the lived experiences of boys and men with disabilities in Africa, underscoring the necessity for inclusive policies that challenge entrenched stereotypes of masculinity. Methodology: Utilising qualitative research methods such as interviews and focus group discussions, the study captured diverse perspectives. The social model of disability guided the study. This model highlights how societal barriers contribute to disabling experiences. Findings: Findings indicated that cultural expectations linking masculinity to physical strength further alienated boys with disabilities. However, there is potential for redefining masculinity to encompass emotional resilience and vulnerability, paving the way for greater inclusivity. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Recommendations included enhancing teacher training programs and launching community outreach initiatives to combat negative stereotypes. Additionally, policies should focus on improving educational and vocational opportunities for boys and men with disabilities, facilitating their full participation in society. There is need to acknowledge the unique experiences of boys and men with disabilities in fostering gender equality and sustainable development in Africa. By promoting inclusive approaches that challenge traditional gender norms, society can create an environment where all individuals can thrive equally.
The Impact of Pension Enhancement Methods on the Well Being of Retired Civil Servants in Osun State, Nigeria
(CARI Journals, 2025-06-30) Adekunle, Ayobami
Purpose: The paper examined the impact of Pension Enhancement methods on the wellbeing of Retired Civil Servant s in Osun State. Methodology: The Author also interacted with Twenty Retired Civil Servants who are presently enjoying the Pension Enhancement Packages. Furthermore, an in depth interview on some key holders in the pension industry was conducted. Majorly, quantitative method of research was adopted for this study. Findings: The findings from the study revealed that there was a little increase in pension income of Retired Civil Servants. In addition, the increase in monthly stipend is not commensurate or in tandem with the present economic realities in Nigeria. It was also found that the problem of removal of fuel subsidy and high exchange rate of Nigeria currency against other currencies like American dollar and British pound sterling has eroded the little increase in the pensioner’s stipend. The study concluded that the present Pension Enhancement Method is yet to have a meaningful and positive impact on the wellbeing of Retired Civil Servants. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The issue of Retired Civil Servants who are collecting their monthly income using the Life Annuity Method should be revisited by the National Pension Commission. As a result of the removal of fuel subsidy in Nigeria, the various State Governments were giving out certain sum of money to their workers in form of Palliative measures. The Retired Civil Servants should also be considered for palliative packages. The Retired Civil Servants should be allowed to assess 20% of their gains or profits that is in the Retirement Savings Account. The National Pension Commission should direct the Pension Fund Administrators to pay the lump sum to the Retirees at the commencement of every new enhancement adjustment.

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